"Cellular Dynamics of Embryomas within Adult Neoplasms".
John H. Frenster 1 and Jeannette A. Hovsepian 2
Divisions of 1 Medical Oncology and 2 Diagnostic
Radiology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford CA 94027-5446
Supported in part by a USPHS Research Career Development Award CA-17857
from the National Cancer Insitute.
e-mail: frensasc@
ix.netcom.com phone: 650/367-6483
http://www.cancerbiophysics.net/
During vertebrate life, a single cell will contain a single genome
until cell death.
This genome contains some genes for embryonic development, some
genes
for adult expression, and other genes which are used both
in embryonic
life and in adult life. Embryonic-exclusive genes are exquistively
selected
for complicated expression during organ formation before birth,
and are
under close supervision by embryonic regulator proteins and
RNAs. After
birth, the embryonic-exclusive genes are no longer needed, but they
are
retained in the inactive form within the cell until cell death.
The embryonic
regulator proteins and RNAs are then replaced by adult regulator
proteins and RNAs.
Thus, within the adult cell, the inactive embryonic-exclusive genes
are left without
embryonic regulator proteins and RNAs. In this open state, such
embryonic
-exclusive genes may again become active. The activation of as little
as one
embryo-exclusive gene within an adult cell is capable of initiating
a new
neoplasm within that cell. Such neoplasms are termed embryomas,
and
as they divide and recruit other embryonic genes to regain similar
activity, the
new neoplasm will progress to kill the host animal. The dynamics
of such embryoma
activation and progression is often as explosive,
cumulative, and destructive
as an avalanche in character. Recently it has been found
that providing the
missing embryonic regulatory micro RNAs, either in vitro or in
vivo, will
reduce the activity of such embryomas, without apparent toxic effects
on the
subject.
Taulli R, Bersani F, Foglizzo V, Linari A, Vigna E, Ladanyi M, Tuschl
T, and Ponzetto C,
"The muscle-specific microRNA miR-206 blocks human rhabdomyosarcoma
growth in
xenotransplanted mice by promoting myogenic differentiation",
J. Clin. Investigation.
119: (8), 2366
1. Katoh M, Shaw C, Xu Q, Van Driessche N ,Morio T , Kuwayama
H, Obara S, Urushihara H, Tanaka Y, and Gad Shaulsky J,
"An orderly retreat: De-differentiation is a regulated process".
Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA, vol. 101, no. 18, pp. 7005-7010 (May 4, 2004).
2. Frenster JH, and Hovsepian JA, ( 2010 )
"Analysis
of Intra-Nuclear Entropy Changes during EMT Activation".
1. Each cell retains all of its embryonic genes for a lifetime.
2. Controls for embryonic genes are often absent in adults.
3. Uncontrolled embryonic genes can replicate wildly.
4. Replicating genes participate in intra-cellular competition.
5. The basis for gene competition is selective transcription.
6. MicroRNAs can reprogram embryomic transcription.
7. Gene reprogramming can produce normal phenotypes.
8. Normal phenotypes can by-pass chromosomal lesions.
9. MicroRNA therapy may need to be permanent.
10. Transplantation of microRNAs could be preferred.
1. Pathways within cell genomes involve a flow of information.
2. Information can flow by direct contact or by third parties.
3. Direct contact within whole genomes is difficult to regulate.
4. DNA-DNA direct contects are influenced by agents.
5. Nuclear agents include hydrophilic ionic and hydrophobic conforming ligands.
6. Third parties within genomes involve RNAs and proteins.
7. RNAs and proteins are easy to regulate or reverse.
8. Information can be shared, lost, or transformed.
9. System information can be hidden during system isolation.
10. Local information can be permanently lost during system entropy.
Links to Current
Research in Euchromatin:
Links to
Euchromatin Activator RNA Reviews:
Links to
Euchromatin Activator RNA Research:
Links to Ultrastructural
Probes of DNase I-Sensitive Sites:
Links to
RNA as a Therapeutic Agent:
Links to Hodgkin Lymphoma
Immuno-Pathology:
Links to Activated
T-Lymphocyte Immunotherapy:
Links to Medical
Systems Biology:
Links to Selective
Gene Transcription:
Links to RNA-Induced
Epigenetics:
Links to RNA-Induced
Embryogenesis:
Links to RNA and
Biological Causality:
Links to Reprogramming
and Neoplasia:
A Brief History of Activator RNA:
"Ultrastructural
Probes of Active DNA Sites, and the RNA Activators of DNA".
(PowerPoint Presentation).
Top of Page - Euchromatin
Network - Euchromatin
Research - Research
in Quantitative Radiology
For Further Information and Feedback:
Jeannette A. Hovsepian, M.D.
E-mail: frensasc@ix.netcom.com
Phone: +1 650 367 6483